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Red swan romanized11/7/2023 ![]() Of these three qualities, rajas are then mapped to Brahma, as follows: This chapter of the Maitri Upanishad asserts that the universe emerged from darkness ( tamas), first as passion characterized by innate quality ( rajas), which then refined and differentiated into purity and goodness ( sattva). In verse (5,2), Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva are mapped into the theory of Guṇa, that is qualities, psyche and innate tendencies the text describes can be found in all living beings. It equates the atman (Soul, Self) within to be Brahma and various alternate manifestations of Brahman, as follows, "Thou art Brahma, thou art Vishnu, thou art Rudra (Shiva), thou art Agni, Varuna, Vayu, Indra, thou art All." In the pantheistic Kutsayana Hymn, the Upanishad asserts that one's Soul is Brahman, and this Ultimate Reality, Cosmic Universal or God is within each living being. Sculpture of Brahma in Prambanan, Java Indonesia Brahma is first discussed in verse 5,1, also called the Kutsayana Hymn, and then expounded in verse 5,2. One of the earliest mentions of Brahma with Vishnu and Shiva is in the fifth Prapathaka (lesson) of the Maitrayaniya Upanishad, probably composed around the late 1st millennium BCE. Left: Brahma at the 12th-century Chennakesava Temple, Somanathapura Right: Brahma at a 6th/7th-century Aihole temple. Literature and legends Vedic literature An early depiction of Brahma, on the Bimaran casket, early 1st century CE. However, Brahman was sometimes used as a synonym for Brahma's name during the time the Mahabharata was written. The former, the neuter form, has a generalized and abstract meaning while the latter, the masculine form, is used as the proper name of the deity Brahma. Grammatically, the nominal stem Brahma- has two distinct forms: the neuter noun bráhman, whose nominative singular form is brahma ( ब्रह्म) and the masculine noun brahmán, whose nominative singular form is brahmā ( ब्रह्मा). The existence of a distinct deity named Brahma is evidenced in late Vedic texts. The spiritual concept of brahman is quite old and some scholars suggest that the deity Brahma may have emerged as a personification and visible icon of the impersonal universal principle of brahman. A distinction between the spiritual concept of brahman and the deity Brahmā is that the former is a genderless abstract metaphysical concept in Hinduism, while the latter is one of the many masculine gods in Hindu tradition. The origins of the term brahmā are uncertain, partly because several related words are found in the Vedic literature, such as Brahman for the 'Ultimate Reality' and Brāhmaṇa for 'priest'. Some Brahma temples are found outside India, such as at the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok. Few temples dedicated to him exist in India, the most famous being the Brahma Temple, Pushkar in Rajasthan. Brahma is revered in the ancient texts, yet rarely worshipped as a primary deity in India, owing to the absence of any significant sect dedicated to his reverence. In contemporary Hinduism, Brahma does not enjoy popular worship and has substantially less importance than the other two members of the Trimurti. According to the scriptures, Brahma created his children from his mind and thus, they are referred to as Manasaputra. He is seated on a lotus and his vahana (mount) is a hamsa (swan, goose or crane). His four heads represent the four Vedas and are pointed to the four cardinal directions. īrahma is commonly depicted as a red or golden- complexioned bearded man with four heads and hands. He was also overshadowed by other major deities like Vishnu, Shiva, and Mahadevi and demoted to the role of a secondary creator, who was created by the major deities. During the post-Vedic period, Brahma was a prominent deity and his sect existed however, by the 7th century, he had lost his significance. In some Puranas, he created himself in a golden embryo known as the Hiranyagarbha.īrahma is frequently identified with the Vedic god Prajapati. Brahma is prominently mentioned in creation legends. He is associated with creation, knowledge, and the Vedas. Mind-born children including Angiras, Atri, Bhrigu, Chitragupta, Daksha, Himavan, Jambavan, Kama, Kratu, Kumaras, Marichi, Narada, Pulaha, Pulastya, Shatarupa, Sindura, Svayambhuva Manu, Vashishthaīrahma ( Sanskrit: ब्रह्मा, romanized: Brahmā) is a Hindu god, referred to as "the Creator" within the Trimurti, the trinity of supreme divinity that includes Vishnu and Shiva. Oṃ vedātmanāya vidmahe hiraṇyagarbhāya dhīmahī tan no brahmā pracodayāt ![]() A roundel with depiction of Brahma, 19th century ![]()
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